Lipid droplet isolation
ref: https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2012.142
7h提取15-100μg蛋白当量的高质量脂滴
声称是第一篇详细的protocol,提取脂滴已经有30多年的历史了
由于该方案包含用于超速离心后的LDs的几个洗涤步骤,在某些情况下,在超速离心法和洗涤步骤期间都可能丢失非常小的LDs。此外,超大尺寸的LDs在匀浆和超速离心过程中可能会被破坏。在真核生物中,与LDs物理接触的少量膜结构可能与LDs共分离,如果目的是关注LD相关蛋白,这是不可取的。
briefly, washed and homogenized in 250mM sucrose to protect intracelluar organelles, then ultracentrifuged to separate LDs, collected and washed.
MATERIALS
Name | Brand, Cat. No. |
---|---|
PBS | 碧云天, ST447-5L |
Sucrose | |
Tricine | Sigma-Aldrich, T0377-25G |
KOH | |
HEPES | |
KCl | |
MgCl2 | |
PMSF | Sigma-Aldrich, P7626-1G |
DMSO | |
SDS | |
研钵 | |
gel-loading tip(200μl) |
REAGENT SETUP
PBS 灭菌后保存于4°C
Sucrose (2.5 M, 600ml)
称取500g sucrose,加入300ml去离子水,磁力搅拌至完全溶解。保存于4°C。
3个月
需要很长时间溶解,需要提前配置。
Buffer A (500ml, 20mM tricine, 250mM sucrose (pH 7.8))
400ml去离子水,加入1.79g tricine,用100mM KOH调节PH到7.8。加入50ml sucrose母液 (2.5M),补足至500ml。灭菌后保存于4°C。
3个月
Buffer B (200ml, 20mM HEPES, 100mM KCl, 2mM MgCl2 (pH 7.4))
180ml去离子水,加入0.95g HEPES,1.49g KCl,0.038g MgCl2,用100mM KOH调节PH到7.4,补足至200ml。灭菌后保存于4°C。
3个月
PMSF (10ml, 1000×, 0.2M)
称取0.35g PMSF,用10ml DMSO溶解,分装成1ml,避光保存于-20°C。
1年
PMSF有毒
SDS 买预制
PROCEDURE
从组织开始
必须使用新鲜的组织,不可以冷冻
取样根据脂肪含量不同而大小不同,如果是肝脏需要两片肝
- 在研钵中加入冷的Buffer A(含0.2mM PMSF)12mL
- 加液氮使用研钵研磨后(约10 次),500 xg, 4°C, 离心5min,吸出上层溶液放冰上待用。
从组织匀浆液或cell culture开始
- 6个150mm dish为一个样本, 胰酶消化并离心后, 用9 mL Buffer A with 0.2 mM PMSF重悬合并
- 破碎细胞:在冰上使用35bar 15min 破碎细胞。(细胞破碎仪的话, 经验来说, 800bar破碎4遍)
- 1,000 xg, 4 °C, 离心10min, 去除细胞核及细胞碎片。保留上层溶液 (PNS),分装200μL在冰上用于最后LD 纯度检测。
- 转移PNS到SW41 tube中,并在上层加入2mL BufferB(可以多加一点,加的越多LD 越纯)
- 离心:肝脏为2,000 xg,30min;细胞为40,000 rpm,3h
- 用枪头小心收集最上层的LD,尽可能多的吸取LD,应为纯白色,可分装一部分用于计算total fraction的比值。(枪头吸之前先用Buffer B润一 下,一次吸少于10μL,少量多次)
- 吸取1ml离心后的胞质,270000g离心1h,收集上层并分装500μL作为Cytosol fraction
- 吸出中间层,并在SW tube沉淀中加入1mL Buffer B重悬,吸取50μL作为total membrane fraction
- 将脂滴离心17,000 xg, 10min, 用gel-loading tip吸出上层溶液。每管LD不超过10μL,若超过需要分装。(实际情况弃去下层溶液保留上层白色脂滴更为简单)
- 用200μL Buffer B重悬后重复上一步骤。洗两次。
最后获得的脂滴, 可以加入1 mL CHCl3/Acetone (1/1, v/v), vortex, 17,000 xg, 4 °C, 离心10 min, 上清用于提取脂质, 沉淀用PBS溶解用于WB
LD质量评估
LipidTox染色
通过WB和数据分析评估LDs质量
An important way to check the purity of LDs obtained is to perform western blotting to determine the distribution of marker proteins between the LD fraction and other cellular fractions. With regard to the normalization of data in western blotting, we think that it is better to present the data with respect to the amount of protein used rather than as a percentage of the amount of starting material used, as it is unclear how many LDs are lost during the purification process. Therefore, we recommend using equal protein loading to determine the enrichment of marker proteins to judge the purity of LDs. However, as a parallel analysis, it is useful to sample and compare fractions after collection of LDs and before the washes by loading an equal percentage of the total fractions.